Introduction
Gold is a metal and element with a bright and soft orange-yellow appearance. Its symbol is Au and its atomic number is 79, making it one of the denser naturally occurring elements and metals. Because it is soft, malleable, and does not react much with other elements, it has been the standard metal for currency, jewelry, and decorations for much of human history.
Gold has long played a central role in human history, for instance, the earliest found gold artifacts were found in Bulgaria dating back to 4,600 BC to 4,200 BC. Gold has been used all throughout the world, amongst various groups of people and civilizations. For example, history’s wealthiest person, Mansa Musa of the Malian Empire (ruling 1312 to 1337) on his hajj, religious pilgrimage, to Mecca passed through Egypt and brought so much gold on his journey and gave huge amount of this gold in Egypt that it depressed the Egyptian economy for a decade.
Gold has a high fiscal value, due to its diverse uses and nonreactive nature, making it a precious metal for which countries will mine. It is one of the most important metals in the world and, because supply is low and demand is high, is a major source of revenue for countries. However, countries have opted to curb their gold production to achieve environmental goals.
Learn for yourself about gold production by country in the map and charts.
# | Country | Gold Reserves | Debt to GDP Ratio |
---|---|---|---|
1 | United States of America | 8,133.47 t | 129% |
2 | Germany | 3,355.14 t | 69.3% |
3 | Italy | 2,451.84 t | 151% |
4 | France | 2,436.5 t | 113% |
5 | Russia | 2,298.53 t | 18.2% |
6 | People's Republic of China | 1,948.31 t | 76.9% |
7 | Switzerland | 1,040 t | 41.4% |
8 | Japan | 845.97 t | 262% |
9 | India | 768.8 t | 89.26% |
10 | Netherlands | 612.45 t | 52.4% |
11 | Turkey | 457.7 t | 42% |
12 | Taiwan | 423.63 t | 28.2% |
13 | Kazakhstan | 383.91 t | 27.4% |
14 | Portugal | 382.57 t | 127% |
15 | Uzbekistan | 363.91 t | 38% |
16 | Saudi Arabia | 323.07 t | 30% |
17 | United Kingdom | 310.29 t | 97.4% |
18 | Lebanon | 286.83 t | 172% |
19 | Spain | 281.58 t | 118% |
20 | Austria | 279.99 t | 82.8% |
21 | Thailand | 244.16 t | 59.61% |
22 | Poland | 228.67 t | 53.8% |
23 | Belgium | 227.4 t | 108% |
24 | Algeria | 173.56 t | 62.5% |
25 | Venezuela | 161.22 t | 241% |
26 | Singapore | 153.74 t | 160% |
27 | Philippines | 153.01 t | 60.4% |
28 | Iraq | 130.39 t | 36.7% |
29 | Brazil | 129.65 t | 80.27% |
30 | Sweden | 125.72 t | 36.7% |
31 | South Africa | 125.35 t | 69.9% |
32 | Egypt | 125.02 t | 87.2% |
33 | Mexico | 119.92 t | 49.6% |
34 | Libya | 116.64 t | 155% |
35 | Greece | 114.12 t | 193% |
36 | South Korea | 104.45 t | 46.9% |
37 | Romania | 103.64 t | 48.8% |
38 | Hungary | 94.49 t | 73.5% |
39 | Australia | 79.85 t | 36.1% |
40 | Kuwait | 78.97 t | 7.1% |
41 | Indonesia | 78.57 t | 40.9% |
42 | Denmark | 66.55 t | 36.7% |
43 | Pakistan | 64.65 t | 84% |
44 | Argentina | 61.74 t | 80.5% |
45 | Qatar | 56.74 t | 46.9% |
46 | United Arab Emirates | 55.77 t | 38.3% |
47 | Belarus | 53.44 t | 33.5% |
48 | Cambodia | 50.45 t | 36.8% |
49 | Finland | 49.02 t | 72.4% |
50 | Bolivia | 42.51 t | 82.6% |
51 | Bulgaria | 40.83 t | 22.9% |
52 | Malaysia | 38.88 t | 63.3% |
53 | Serbia | 38.07 t | 56.5% |
54 | Jordan | 37.32 t | 89.4% |
55 | Peru | 34.68 t | 36% |
56 | Ecuador | 33.78 t | 59% |
57 | Slovakia | 31.69 t | 63.1% |
58 | Ukraine | 27.06 t | 48.9% |
59 | Syria | 25.82 t | |
60 | Morocco | 22.12 t | 77.9% |
61 | Afghanistan | 21.87 t | 7.4% |
62 | Nigeria | 21.37 t | 37% |
63 | Bangladesh | 14.03 t | 33.9% |
64 | Cyprus | 13.9 t | 104% |
65 | Mauritius | 12.44 t | 89% |
66 | Ireland | 12.04 t | 56% |
67 | Czech Republic | 11.32 t | 41.9% |
68 | Kyrgyzstan | 10.19 t | 60.3% |
69 | Ghana | 8.74 t | 81.8% |
70 | Paraguay | 8.19 t | 34.6% |
71 | Nepal | 7.99 t | 40.5% |
72 | Myanmar | 7.27 t | 62.5% |
73 | Guatemala | 6.89 t | 29.98% |
74 | Republic of Macedonia | 6.89 t | |
75 | Mongolia | 6.84 t | 56% |
76 | Tunisia | 6.84 t | 80% |
77 | Sri Lanka | 6.7 t | 105% |
78 | Latvia | 6.66 t | 44.8% |
79 | Lithuania | 5.82 t | 44.3% |
80 | Colombia | 4.68 t | 61.1% |
81 | Bahrain | 4.67 t | 120% |
82 | Slovenia | 3.17 t | 74.7% |
83 | Aruba | 3.11 t | |
84 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2.99 t | 24.8% |
85 | Albania | 2.8 t | 78.1% |
86 | Luxembourg | 2.24 t | 24.5% |
87 | Hong Kong | 2.08 t | |
88 | Iceland | 1.98 t | 75% |
89 | Tajikistan | 1.98 t | 53.67% |
90 | Papua New Guinea | 1.96 t | 51.5% |
91 | Trinidad and Tobago | 1.94 t | 83.3% |
92 | Haiti | 1.81 t | 23.1% |
93 | Yemen | 1.56 t | 63.1% |
94 | Suriname | 1.46 t | 124% |
95 | El Salvador | 1.37 t | 84.75% |
96 | Mauritania | 1.02 t | 44.2% |
97 | Laos | 0.88 t | 53.81% |
98 | Honduras | 0.69 t | 51.46% |
99 | Mozambique | 0.67 t | 101% |
100 | Dominican Republic | 0.57 t | 50.4% |
101 | Malawi | 0.4 t | 58.8% |
102 | Chile | 0.25 t | 36.3% |
103 | Estonia | 0.25 t | 18.1% |
104 | Uruguay | 0.1 t | 71.5% |
105 | Malta | 0.06 t | 57% |
106 | Burundi | 0.03 t | 17% |
107 | Fiji | 0.03 t | 79.8% |
108 | Comoros | 0.02 t | 31.1% |
109 | Kenya | 0.02 t | 68.4% |
110 | Oman | 0.02 t | 67.7% |
111 | Armenia | 0 t | 60.25% |
112 | Azerbaijan | 0 t | 18.2% |
113 | Cameroon | 0 t | 46.8% |
114 | Canada | 0 t | 113% |
115 | Chad | 0 t | 44.7% |
116 | Costa Rica | 0 t | 78.64% |
117 | Croatia | 0 t | 79.8% |
118 | Eritrea | 0 t | 165% |
119 | Gabon | 0 t | 54% |
120 | Nicaragua | 0 t | 64.8% |
121 | Norway | 0 t | 43.2% |
122 | Republic of the Congo | 0 t | 85% |
123 | Turkmenistan | 0 t | 8% |
Gold Reserves by Country
Afghanistan
21.87 t
Ranked in the World
#61
Ranked in the World
#163
Albania
2.8 t
Ranked in the World
#85
78.1%
Ranked in the World
#48
Algeria
173.56 t
Ranked in the World
#24
62.5%
Ranked in the World
#73
Argentina
61.74 t
Ranked in the World
#44
80.5%
Ranked in the World
#42
Armenia
Ranked in the World
#111
60.25%
Ranked in the World
#80
Aruba
3.11 t
Ranked in the World
#83
Australia
79.85 t
Ranked in the World
#39
36.1%
Ranked in the World
#137
Austria
279.99 t
Ranked in the World
#20
82.8%
Ranked in the World
#39
Azerbaijan
Ranked in the World
#112
18.2%
Ranked in the World
#157
Bahrain
4.67 t
Ranked in the World
#81
Ranked in the World
#15
Bangladesh
14.03 t
Ranked in the World
#63
33.9%
Ranked in the World
#140
Belarus
53.44 t
Ranked in the World
#47
33.5%
Ranked in the World
#141
Belgium
227.4 t
Ranked in the World
#23
Ranked in the World
#20
Bolivia
42.51 t
Ranked in the World
#50
82.6%
Ranked in the World
#40
Bosnia and Herzegovina
2.99 t
Ranked in the World
#84
24.8%
Ranked in the World
#150
Brazil
129.65 t
Ranked in the World
#29
80.27%
Ranked in the World
#43
Bulgaria
40.83 t
Ranked in the World
#51
22.9%
Ranked in the World
#155
Burundi
0.03 t
Ranked in the World
#106
Ranked in the World
#160
Cambodia
50.45 t
Ranked in the World
#48
36.8%
Ranked in the World
#132
Cameroon
Ranked in the World
#113
46.8%
Ranked in the World
#111
Canada
Ranked in the World
#114
Ranked in the World
#18
Chad
Ranked in the World
#115
44.7%
Ranked in the World
#114
Chile
0.25 t
Ranked in the World
#102
36.3%
Ranked in the World
#136
Colombia
4.68 t
Ranked in the World
#80
61.1%
Ranked in the World
#75
Comoros
0.02 t
Ranked in the World
#108
31.1%
Ranked in the World
#143
Costa Rica
Ranked in the World
#116
78.64%
Ranked in the World
#47
Croatia
Ranked in the World
#117
79.8%
Ranked in the World
#45
Cyprus
13.9 t
Ranked in the World
#64
Ranked in the World
#22
Czech Republic
11.32 t
Ranked in the World
#67
41.9%
Ranked in the World
#122
Denmark
66.55 t
Ranked in the World
#42
36.7%
Ranked in the World
#133
Dominican Republic
0.57 t
Ranked in the World
#100
50.4%
Ranked in the World
#104
Ecuador
33.78 t
Ranked in the World
#56
Ranked in the World
#83
Egypt
125.02 t
Ranked in the World
#32
87.2%
Ranked in the World
#31
El Salvador
1.37 t
Ranked in the World
#95
84.75%
Ranked in the World
#34
Eritrea
Ranked in the World
#118
Ranked in the World
#6
Estonia
0.25 t
Ranked in the World
#103
18.1%
Ranked in the World
#159
Fiji
0.03 t
Ranked in the World
#107
79.8%
Ranked in the World
#46
Finland
49.02 t
Ranked in the World
#49
72.4%
Ranked in the World
#60
France
2,436.5 t
Ranked in the World
#4
Ranked in the World
#19
Gabon
Ranked in the World
#119
Ranked in the World
#93
Germany
3,355.14 t
Ranked in the World
#2
69.3%
Ranked in the World
#63
Ghana
8.74 t
Ranked in the World
#69
81.8%
Ranked in the World
#41
Greece
114.12 t
Ranked in the World
#35
Ranked in the World
#3
Guatemala
6.89 t
Ranked in the World
#73
29.98%
Ranked in the World
#146
Haiti
1.81 t
Ranked in the World
#92
23.1%
Ranked in the World
#154
Honduras
0.69 t
Ranked in the World
#98
51.46%
Ranked in the World
#101
Hong Kong
2.08 t
Ranked in the World
#87
Hungary
94.49 t
Ranked in the World
#38
73.5%
Ranked in the World
#58
Iceland
1.98 t
Ranked in the World
#88
Ranked in the World
#53
India
768.8 t
Ranked in the World
#9
89.26%
Ranked in the World
#28
Indonesia
78.57 t
Ranked in the World
#41
40.9%
Ranked in the World
#125
Iraq
130.39 t
Ranked in the World
#28
36.7%
Ranked in the World
#134
Ireland
12.04 t
Ranked in the World
#66
Ranked in the World
#89
Italy
2,451.84 t
Ranked in the World
#3
Ranked in the World
#9
Japan
845.97 t
Ranked in the World
#8
Ranked in the World
#1
Jordan
37.32 t
Ranked in the World
#54
89.4%
Ranked in the World
#27
Kazakhstan
383.91 t
Ranked in the World
#13
27.4%
Ranked in the World
#148
Kenya
0.02 t
Ranked in the World
#109
68.4%
Ranked in the World
#64
Kuwait
78.97 t
Ranked in the World
#40
Ranked in the World
#164
Kyrgyzstan
10.19 t
Ranked in the World
#68
60.3%
Ranked in the World
#79
Laos
0.88 t
Ranked in the World
#97
53.81%
Ranked in the World
#94
Latvia
6.66 t
Ranked in the World
#78
44.8%
Ranked in the World
#112
Lebanon
286.83 t
Ranked in the World
#18
Ranked in the World
#5
Libya
116.64 t
Ranked in the World
#34
Ranked in the World
#8
Lithuania
5.82 t
Ranked in the World
#79
44.3%
Ranked in the World
#115
Luxembourg
2.24 t
Ranked in the World
#86
24.5%
Ranked in the World
#151
Malawi
0.4 t
Ranked in the World
#101
58.8%
Ranked in the World
#84
Malaysia
38.88 t
Ranked in the World
#52
63.3%
Ranked in the World
#70
Malta
0.06 t
Ranked in the World
#105
Ranked in the World
#87
Mauritania
1.02 t
Ranked in the World
#96
44.2%
Ranked in the World
#116
Mauritius
12.44 t
Ranked in the World
#65
Ranked in the World
#29
Mexico
119.92 t
Ranked in the World
#33
49.6%
Ranked in the World
#105
Mongolia
6.84 t
Ranked in the World
#75
Ranked in the World
#90
Morocco
22.12 t
Ranked in the World
#60
77.9%
Ranked in the World
#49
Mozambique
0.67 t
Ranked in the World
#99
Ranked in the World
#23
Myanmar
7.27 t
Ranked in the World
#72
62.5%
Ranked in the World
#74
Nepal
7.99 t
Ranked in the World
#71
40.5%
Ranked in the World
#126
Netherlands
612.45 t
Ranked in the World
#10
52.4%
Ranked in the World
#97
Nicaragua
Ranked in the World
#120
64.8%
Ranked in the World
#68
Nigeria
21.37 t
Ranked in the World
#62
Ranked in the World
#131
Norway
Ranked in the World
#121
43.2%
Ranked in the World
#120
Oman
0.02 t
Ranked in the World
#110
67.7%
Ranked in the World
#65
Pakistan
64.65 t
Ranked in the World
#43
Ranked in the World
#35
Papua New Guinea
1.96 t
Ranked in the World
#90
51.5%
Ranked in the World
#100
Paraguay
8.19 t
Ranked in the World
#70
34.6%
Ranked in the World
#139
People's Republic of China
1,948.31 t
Ranked in the World
#6
76.9%
Ranked in the World
#51
Peru
34.68 t
Ranked in the World
#55
Ranked in the World
#138
Philippines
153.01 t
Ranked in the World
#27
60.4%
Ranked in the World
#78
Poland
228.67 t
Ranked in the World
#22
53.8%
Ranked in the World
#95
Portugal
382.57 t
Ranked in the World
#14
Ranked in the World
#12
Qatar
56.74 t
Ranked in the World
#45
46.9%
Ranked in the World
#109
Republic of Macedonia
6.89 t
Ranked in the World
#74
Republic of the Congo
Ranked in the World
#122
Ranked in the World
#33
Romania
103.64 t
Ranked in the World
#37
48.8%
Ranked in the World
#107
Russia
2,298.53 t
Ranked in the World
#5
18.2%
Ranked in the World
#158
Saudi Arabia
323.07 t
Ranked in the World
#16
Ranked in the World
#145
Serbia
38.07 t
Ranked in the World
#53
56.5%
Ranked in the World
#88
Singapore
153.74 t
Ranked in the World
#26
Ranked in the World
#7
Slovakia
31.69 t
Ranked in the World
#57
63.1%
Ranked in the World
#71
Slovenia
3.17 t
Ranked in the World
#82
74.7%
Ranked in the World
#55
South Africa
125.35 t
Ranked in the World
#31
69.9%
Ranked in the World
#62
South Korea
104.45 t
Ranked in the World
#36
46.9%
Ranked in the World
#110
Spain
281.58 t
Ranked in the World
#19
Ranked in the World
#16
Sri Lanka
6.7 t
Ranked in the World
#77
Ranked in the World
#21
Suriname
1.46 t
Ranked in the World
#94
Ranked in the World
#13
Sweden
125.72 t
Ranked in the World
#30
36.7%
Ranked in the World
#135
Switzerland
1,040 t
Ranked in the World
#7
41.4%
Ranked in the World
#124
Syria
25.82 t
Ranked in the World
#59
Taiwan
423.63 t
Ranked in the World
#12
28.2%
Ranked in the World
#147
Tajikistan
1.98 t
Ranked in the World
#89
53.67%
Ranked in the World
#96
Thailand
244.16 t
Ranked in the World
#21
59.61%
Ranked in the World
#81
Trinidad and Tobago
1.94 t
Ranked in the World
#91
83.3%
Ranked in the World
#36
Tunisia
6.84 t
Ranked in the World
#76
Ranked in the World
#44
Turkey
457.7 t
Ranked in the World
#11
Ranked in the World
#121
Turkmenistan
Ranked in the World
#123
Ranked in the World
#162
Ukraine
27.06 t
Ranked in the World
#58
48.9%
Ranked in the World
#106
United Arab Emirates
55.77 t
Ranked in the World
#46
38.3%
Ranked in the World
#128
United Kingdom
310.29 t
Ranked in the World
#17
97.4%
Ranked in the World
#24
United States of America
8,133.47 t
Ranked in the World
#1
Ranked in the World
#11
Uruguay
0.1 t
Ranked in the World
#104
71.5%
Ranked in the World
#61
Uzbekistan
363.91 t
Ranked in the World
#15
Ranked in the World
#129
Venezuela
161.22 t
Ranked in the World
#25
Ranked in the World
#2
Yemen
1.56 t
Ranked in the World
#93
63.1%
Ranked in the World
#72
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