Introduction
Crude oil production is a major driver of global economic growth. The top three countries in terms of crude oil production are the United States, Saudi Arabia, and Russia. Together, these countries produce around 30 percent of the world’s total crude oil output. Over the past decade, crude oil production has seen significant increases in volume due to technological advancements and increased exploration efforts that have opened up new sources of supply. The increase in production has been further backed by strong demand for crude oil from emerging markets such as China and India. With increased infrastructure development around the world, there is potential for further growth in crude oil production to meet rising global demand. Nevertheless, the rise in crude oil production also has negative consequences, as it poses environmental and safety concerns that many over the world want to see addressed.
# | Country | Crude Oil Production |
---|---|---|
1 | United States of America | 17,924.2 MMbbl/d |
2 | Saudi Arabia | 10,815.7 MMbbl/d |
3 | Russia | 10,749.5 MMbbl/d |
4 | Canada | 5,468.1 MMbbl/d |
5 | People's Republic of China | 4,712.2 MMbbl/d |
6 | Iraq | 4,161.5 MMbbl/d |
7 | United Arab Emirates | 3,769.1 MMbbl/d |
8 | Brazil | 3,629.1 MMbbl/d |
9 | Iran | 3,450.3 MMbbl/d |
10 | Kuwait | 2,720.5 MMbbl/d |
11 | Norway | 2,026 MMbbl/d |
12 | Mexico | 1,905.5 MMbbl/d |
13 | Kazakhstan | 1,864.9 MMbbl/d |
14 | Qatar | 1,815.1 MMbbl/d |
15 | Nigeria | 1,646.9 MMbbl/d |
16 | Algeria | 1,414.8 MMbbl/d |
17 | Libya | 1,252.8 MMbbl/d |
18 | Angola | 1,197.6 MMbbl/d |
19 | Oman | 978.8 MMbbl/d |
20 | United Kingdom | 890.4 MMbbl/d |
21 | Indonesia | 842.3 MMbbl/d |
22 | India | 771.4 MMbbl/d |
23 | Colombia | 756.4 MMbbl/d |
24 | Azerbaijan | 711.7 MMbbl/d |
25 | Argentina | 690.2 MMbbl/d |
26 | Egypt | 660.8 MMbbl/d |
27 | Venezuela | 604.8 MMbbl/d |
28 | Malaysia | 593.8 MMbbl/d |
29 | Ecuador | 478 MMbbl/d |
30 | Australia | 441.5 MMbbl/d |
31 | Thailand | 438.2 MMbbl/d |
32 | Republic of the Congo | 270.9 MMbbl/d |
33 | Turkmenistan | 249.7 MMbbl/d |
34 | Vietnam | 197.7 MMbbl/d |
35 | Ghana | 185.7 MMbbl/d |
36 | Bahrain | 185.3 MMbbl/d |
37 | Gabon | 175 MMbbl/d |
38 | South Sudan | 157.1 MMbbl/d |
39 | Equatorial Guinea | 142.6 MMbbl/d |
40 | Germany | 135 MMbbl/d |
41 | Peru | 122.5 MMbbl/d |
42 | Guyana | 110.2 MMbbl/d |
43 | Italy | 107.7 MMbbl/d |
44 | Brunei | 107.3 MMbbl/d |
45 | Pakistan | 100.7 MMbbl/d |
46 | South Africa | 97.9 MMbbl/d |
47 | Chad | 87.9 MMbbl/d |
48 | France | 81.5 MMbbl/d |
49 | Trinidad and Tobago | 81 MMbbl/d |
50 | Syria | 80.8 MMbbl/d |
51 | Netherlands | 76.1 MMbbl/d |
52 | Romania | 74 MMbbl/d |
53 | Yemen | 70.1 MMbbl/d |
54 | Denmark | 68 MMbbl/d |
55 | Sudan | 66.9 MMbbl/d |
56 | Bolivia | 65.4 MMbbl/d |
57 | Cameroon | 63.2 MMbbl/d |
58 | Ukraine | 57.7 MMbbl/d |
59 | Spain | 47.2 MMbbl/d |
60 | Tunisia | 42.5 MMbbl/d |
61 | Cuba | 38.4 MMbbl/d |
62 | South Korea | 37.4 MMbbl/d |
63 | Papua New Guinea | 37.2 MMbbl/d |
64 | Uzbekistan | 36.2 MMbbl/d |
65 | Hungary | 35.2 MMbbl/d |
66 | Belarus | 34.3 MMbbl/d |
67 | Ivory Coast | 33 MMbbl/d |
68 | Poland | 28.4 MMbbl/d |
69 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 22 MMbbl/d |
70 | Estonia | 21.8 MMbbl/d |
71 | Austria | 20.1 MMbbl/d |
72 | Mongolia | 16.7 MMbbl/d |
73 | Albania | 16.1 MMbbl/d |
74 | Serbia | 15.2 MMbbl/d |
75 | Suriname | 14.8 MMbbl/d |
76 | East Timor | 14 MMbbl/d |
77 | Bangladesh | 13.5 MMbbl/d |
78 | New Zealand | 13.4 MMbbl/d |
79 | Croatia | 12.2 MMbbl/d |
80 | Chile | 11.9 MMbbl/d |
81 | Belgium | 11.4 MMbbl/d |
82 | Sweden | 10.6 MMbbl/d |
83 | Guatemala | 10.3 MMbbl/d |
84 | Philippines | 10.3 MMbbl/d |
85 | Japan | 10.2 MMbbl/d |
86 | Finland | 8.3 MMbbl/d |
87 | Niger | 8 MMbbl/d |
88 | Portugal | 8 MMbbl/d |
89 | Czech Republic | 6.3 MMbbl/d |
90 | Greece | 4.8 MMbbl/d |
91 | Bulgaria | 4.5 MMbbl/d |
92 | Lithuania | 4 MMbbl/d |
93 | Turkey | 4 MMbbl/d |
94 | Slovakia | 3.8 MMbbl/d |
95 | Jamaica | 3 MMbbl/d |
96 | Paraguay | 2 MMbbl/d |
97 | Latvia | 1.6 MMbbl/d |
98 | Belize | 1.3 MMbbl/d |
99 | Barbados | 1 MMbbl/d |
100 | Taiwan | 0.8 MMbbl/d |
101 | Zimbabwe | 0.8 MMbbl/d |
102 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.7 MMbbl/d |
103 | Ireland | 0.6 MMbbl/d |
104 | Costa Rica | 0.4 MMbbl/d |
105 | Uruguay | 0.4 MMbbl/d |
106 | Georgia | 0.3 MMbbl/d |
107 | Switzerland | 0.3 MMbbl/d |
108 | Tajikistan | 0.3 MMbbl/d |
109 | Nicaragua | 0.2 MMbbl/d |
110 | Hong Kong | 0.1 MMbbl/d |
111 | Afghanistan | 0 MMbbl/d |
112 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0 MMbbl/d |
113 | Armenia | 0 MMbbl/d |
114 | Aruba | 0 MMbbl/d |
115 | Benin | 0 MMbbl/d |
116 | Bermuda | 0 MMbbl/d |
117 | Bhutan | 0 MMbbl/d |
118 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0 MMbbl/d |
119 | Botswana | 0 MMbbl/d |
120 | British Virgin Islands | 0 MMbbl/d |
121 | Burkina Faso | 0 MMbbl/d |
122 | Burundi | 0 MMbbl/d |
123 | Cambodia | 0 MMbbl/d |
124 | Cayman Islands | 0 MMbbl/d |
125 | Central African Republic | 0 MMbbl/d |
126 | Comoros | 0 MMbbl/d |
127 | Cyprus | 0 MMbbl/d |
128 | Djibouti | 0 MMbbl/d |
129 | Dominica | 0 MMbbl/d |
130 | Dominican Republic | 0 MMbbl/d |
131 | El Salvador | 0 MMbbl/d |
132 | Eritrea | 0 MMbbl/d |
133 | Ethiopia | 0 MMbbl/d |
134 | Faroe Islands | 0 MMbbl/d |
135 | Fiji | 0 MMbbl/d |
136 | Grenada | 0 MMbbl/d |
137 | Guam | 0 MMbbl/d |
138 | Guinea | 0 MMbbl/d |
139 | Guinea-Bissau | 0 MMbbl/d |
140 | Haiti | 0 MMbbl/d |
141 | Honduras | 0 MMbbl/d |
142 | Iceland | 0 MMbbl/d |
143 | Israel | 0 MMbbl/d |
144 | Jordan | 0 MMbbl/d |
145 | Kenya | 0 MMbbl/d |
146 | Laos | 0 MMbbl/d |
147 | Lebanon | 0 MMbbl/d |
148 | Lesotho | 0 MMbbl/d |
149 | Liberia | 0 MMbbl/d |
150 | Luxembourg | 0 MMbbl/d |
151 | Macau | 0 MMbbl/d |
152 | Madagascar | 0 MMbbl/d |
153 | Malawi | 0 MMbbl/d |
154 | Maldives | 0 MMbbl/d |
155 | Mali | 0 MMbbl/d |
156 | Malta | 0 MMbbl/d |
157 | Mauritania | 0 MMbbl/d |
158 | Mauritius | 0 MMbbl/d |
159 | Moldova | 0 MMbbl/d |
160 | Montenegro | 0 MMbbl/d |
161 | Montserrat | 0 MMbbl/d |
162 | Morocco | 0 MMbbl/d |
163 | Mozambique | 0 MMbbl/d |
164 | Namibia | 0 MMbbl/d |
165 | Nauru | 0 MMbbl/d |
166 | Nepal | 0 MMbbl/d |
167 | New Caledonia | 0 MMbbl/d |
168 | North Korea | 0 MMbbl/d |
169 | Palestine | 0 MMbbl/d |
170 | Panama | 0 MMbbl/d |
171 | Puerto Rico | 0 MMbbl/d |
172 | Republic of Macedonia | 0 MMbbl/d |
173 | Rwanda | 0 MMbbl/d |
174 | Saint Helena | 0 MMbbl/d |
175 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0 MMbbl/d |
176 | Saint Lucia | 0 MMbbl/d |
177 | Saint Pierre and Miquelon | 0 MMbbl/d |
178 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0 MMbbl/d |
179 | Senegal | 0 MMbbl/d |
180 | Seychelles | 0 MMbbl/d |
181 | Sierra Leone | 0 MMbbl/d |
182 | Singapore | 0 MMbbl/d |
183 | Slovenia | 0 MMbbl/d |
184 | Solomon Islands | 0 MMbbl/d |
185 | Somalia | 0 MMbbl/d |
186 | Sri Lanka | 0 MMbbl/d |
187 | São Tomé and Príncipe | 0 MMbbl/d |
188 | Tanzania | 0 MMbbl/d |
189 | The Bahamas | 0 MMbbl/d |
190 | The Gambia | 0 MMbbl/d |
191 | Togo | 0 MMbbl/d |
192 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 0 MMbbl/d |
193 | Uganda | 0 MMbbl/d |
194 | United States Virgin Islands | 0 MMbbl/d |
195 | Vanuatu | 0 MMbbl/d |
196 | Western Sahara | 0 MMbbl/d |
197 | Zambia | 0 MMbbl/d |
198 | Eswatini | 0 MMbbl/d |
Crude Oil Production by Country
Afghanistan
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#111
Albania
16.1 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#73
Algeria
1,414.8 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#16
Angola
1,197.6 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#18
Antigua and Barbuda
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#112
Argentina
690.2 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#25
Armenia
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#113
Aruba
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#114
Australia
441.5 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#30
Austria
20.1 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#71
Azerbaijan
711.7 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#24
Bahrain
185.3 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#36
Bangladesh
13.5 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#77
Barbados
1 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#99
Belarus
34.3 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#66
Belgium
11.4 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#81
Belize
1.3 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#98
Benin
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#115
Bermuda
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#116
Bhutan
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#117
Bolivia
65.4 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#56
Bosnia and Herzegovina
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#118
Botswana
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#119
Brazil
3,629.1 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#8
British Virgin Islands
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#120
Brunei
107.3 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#44
Bulgaria
4.5 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#91
Burkina Faso
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#121
Burundi
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#122
Cambodia
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#123
Cameroon
63.2 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#57
Canada
5,468.1 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#4
Cayman Islands
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#124
Central African Republic
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#125
Chad
87.9 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#47
Chile
11.9 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#80
Colombia
756.4 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#23
Comoros
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#126
Costa Rica
0.4 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#104
Croatia
12.2 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#79
Cuba
38.4 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#61
Cyprus
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#127
Czech Republic
6.3 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#89
Democratic Republic of the Congo
22 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#69
Denmark
68 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#54
Djibouti
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#128
Dominica
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#129
Dominican Republic
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#130
East Timor
14 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#76
Ecuador
478 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#29
Egypt
660.8 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#26
El Salvador
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#131
Equatorial Guinea
142.6 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#39
Eritrea
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#132
Estonia
21.8 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#70
Eswatini
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#133
Ethiopia
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#134
Faroe Islands
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#135
Fiji
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#136
Finland
8.3 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#86
France
81.5 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#48
Gabon
175 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#37
Georgia
0.3 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#106
Germany
135 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#40
Ghana
185.7 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#35
Greece
4.8 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#90
Grenada
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#137
Guam
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#138
Guatemala
10.3 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#83
Guinea
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#139
Guinea-Bissau
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#140
Guyana
110.2 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#42
Haiti
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#141
Honduras
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#142
Hong Kong
0.1 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#110
Hungary
35.2 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#65
Iceland
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#143
India
771.4 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#22
Indonesia
842.3 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#21
Iran
3,450.3 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#9
Iraq
4,161.5 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#6
Ireland
0.6 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#103
Israel
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#144
Italy
107.7 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#43
Ivory Coast
33 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#67
Jamaica
3 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#95
Japan
10.2 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#85
Jordan
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#145
Kazakhstan
1,864.9 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#13
Kenya
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#146
Kuwait
2,720.5 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#10
Kyrgyzstan
0.7 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#102
Laos
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#147
Latvia
1.6 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#97
Lebanon
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#148
Lesotho
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#149
Liberia
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#150
Libya
1,252.8 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#17
Lithuania
4 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#92
Luxembourg
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#151
Macau
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#152
Madagascar
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#153
Malawi
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#154
Malaysia
593.8 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#28
Maldives
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#155
Mali
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#156
Malta
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#157
Mauritania
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#158
Mauritius
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#159
Mexico
1,905.5 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#12
Moldova
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#160
Mongolia
16.7 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#72
Montenegro
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#161
Montserrat
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#162
Morocco
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#163
Mozambique
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#164
Namibia
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#165
Nauru
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#166
Nepal
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#167
Netherlands
76.1 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#51
New Caledonia
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#168
New Zealand
13.4 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#78
Nicaragua
0.2 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#109
Niger
8 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#87
Nigeria
1,646.9 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#15
North Korea
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#169
Norway
2,026 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#11
Oman
978.8 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#19
Pakistan
100.7 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#45
Palestine
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#170
Panama
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#171
Papua New Guinea
37.2 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#63
Paraguay
2 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#96
People's Republic of China
4,712.2 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#5
Peru
122.5 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#41
Philippines
10.3 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#84
Poland
28.4 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#68
Portugal
8 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#88
Puerto Rico
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#172
Qatar
1,815.1 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#14
Republic of Macedonia
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#173
Republic of the Congo
270.9 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#32
Romania
74 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#52
Russia
10,749.5 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#3
Rwanda
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#174
Saint Helena
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#175
Saint Kitts and Nevis
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#176
Saint Lucia
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#177
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#178
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#179
São Tomé and Príncipe
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#180
Saudi Arabia
10,815.7 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#2
Senegal
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#181
Serbia
15.2 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#74
Seychelles
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#182
Sierra Leone
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#183
Singapore
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#184
Slovakia
3.8 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#94
Slovenia
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#185
Solomon Islands
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#186
Somalia
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#187
South Africa
97.9 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#46
South Korea
37.4 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#62
South Sudan
157.1 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#38
Spain
47.2 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#59
Sri Lanka
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#188
Sudan
66.9 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#55
Suriname
14.8 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#75
Sweden
10.6 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#82
Switzerland
0.3 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#107
Syria
80.8 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#50
Taiwan
0.8 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#100
Tajikistan
0.3 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#108
Tanzania
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#189
Thailand
438.2 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#31
The Bahamas
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#190
The Gambia
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#191
Togo
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#192
Trinidad and Tobago
81 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#49
Tunisia
42.5 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#60
Turkey
4 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#93
Turkmenistan
249.7 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#33
Turks and Caicos Islands
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#193
Uganda
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#194
Ukraine
57.7 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#58
United Arab Emirates
3,769.1 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#7
United Kingdom
890.4 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#20
United States of America
17,924.2 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#1
United States Virgin Islands
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#195
Uruguay
0.4 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#105
Uzbekistan
36.2 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#64
Vanuatu
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#196
Venezuela
604.8 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#27
Vietnam
197.7 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#34
Western Sahara
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#197
Yemen
70.1 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#53
Zambia
0 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#198
Zimbabwe
0.8 MMbbl/d
Ranked in the World
#101