Introduction
Greenhouse gas emissions are a major contributor to global climate change and have been increasing year-on-year, with no sign of abating. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), human activities are responsible for almost all of the increase in greenhouse gases since the mid-20th century. As a result, concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and other trace gases have risen sharply over that period. Global greenhouse gas emissions have grown by around 70% from 1970 to 2018 and continued to rise today despite significant efforts over recent years to reduce them. This is largely due to increased energy demand for transportation, industry, buildings, and households in growing economies such as China and India. The total amount of greenhouse gas emissions varies significantly between countries; China remains the largest emitter globally, followed by the U.S. and India. However, when looking at per-capita emissions – which takes population size into account – smaller countries like Qatar or Luxembourg often top the list.
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