Researchers Investigated Transmissible Fish Cancer
Scientists seek to determine if a melanoma affecting brown bullhead catfish has spread to waters in Atlantic Canada.
Updated on Oct. 6, 2026 in Cancer
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University of Cambridge researchers are investigating whether a transmissible skin cancer found in brown bullhead catfish has spread to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. The melanoma, which causes visible dark spots or lumps, was first identified in Lake Memphremagog nearly 15 years ago.
Why it matters
Understanding if this cancer exists in unconnected bodies of water helps researchers determine how the disease spreads across fish populations. Experts hope to clarify if these populations share the same genetic transmissible condition.
A 2026 University of Vermont study confirmed the catfish melanoma is transmissible, building on research from 2014 to 2018 that identified the condition as skin cancer. It is not yet known if the specific virus or genetic markers are present in Canada.
The players
University of Cambridge
This prestigious research university is leading the current investigation into the spread of fish cancer.
Nova Scotia Museum of Natural History
This provincial institution is serving as the collection point for anglers submitting fish specimens.
University of Vermont
This academic institution provided the study that proved the catfish melanoma is transmissible.
The details
Researchers hypothesize the cancer may spread when fish injure each other using their spiny dorsal or pectoral fins. Anglers in the region are asked to freeze specimens that show signs of dark spots or lumps and contact the Nova Scotia Museum of Natural History for analysis.
Timeline
2011: Cancer was first identified in Lake Memphremagog.
2014-2018: Studies confirmed the spots on fish were indeed skin cancer.
2026: A University of Vermont study determined the melanoma is transmissible.
Summer 2026: Researchers conducted an evidence search in New Brunswick.
The Big Picture
This investigation follows a pattern set by the University of Vermont's 2026 transmissible cancer study by expanding the geographic scope of surveillance to determine the range of the disease. It aims to clarify if isolated populations share the same transmissible genetic condition.
There is currently no evidence that this fish cancer spreads to humans, meaning the primary impact is ecological rather than a direct threat to public health. Anglers are encouraged to assist in the study by reporting and preserving affected specimens for research purposes.
The takeaway
While the cancer poses no known risk to human health, it remains a significant concern for aquatic ecosystems and fisheries management. Anglers should remain observant and follow regional museum guidelines if they catch fish exhibiting unusual growths.
Further reading
Learn more about ongoing research into Cancer studies and detection methods.
Source note: This article includes information reported by Toronto Sun.
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