University of Virginia Reports Nitrous Oxide Frostbite
A 23-year-old patient treated in July 2025 suffered mouth and throat injuries from inhaling pressurized nitrous oxide.
Updated on Oct. 15, 2026 in Asthma
In July 2025, a 23-year-old man sought treatment at the University of Virginia for frostbite in his mouth and throat after inhaling nitrous oxide. Physicians detailed the injury in the New England Journal of Medicine as a consequence of the gas expanding rapidly upon release.
Why it matters
Direct inhalation of nitrous oxide from canisters subjects sensitive oral tissues to extreme cold, which can cause significant damage to the palate and airway. This case highlights the physical risks associated with a broader trend of intentional nitrous oxide exposure.
A 60% increase in reports of intentional nitrous oxide exposure was recorded by America's Poison Centers between 2023 and 2024. The 23-year-old patient was treated using lidocaine, steroid paste, and pain relievers.
The players
University of Virginia
This is a public research university that provides advanced medical care and clinical research through its associated health system.
New England Journal of Medicine
This is a weekly medical journal that publishes peer-reviewed research and reports on significant clinical developments.
FDA
This federal agency is responsible for protecting public health by ensuring the safety and efficacy of drugs and medical products.
The details
The patient experienced painful swallowing and hoarseness two days after inhaling the gas, which revealed white, swollen tissue on his uvula and throat. Pressurized nitrous oxide becomes extremely cold upon release, directly injuring the internal tissues it contacts during inhalation.
Timeline
1996: A previous case of life-threatening airway obstruction was recorded.
2023-2024: Intentional nitrous oxide exposure reports increased by 60 percent.
March 2025: The FDA issued an initial warning against inhaling nitrous oxide.
June 2025: The FDA updated its consumer warning on nitrous oxide products.
July 2025: The University of Virginia case was documented.
The Big Picture
This case follows the pattern set by the FDA's March 2025 warning against inhaling nitrous oxide products. It provides clinical evidence of the physical hazards that prompted federal regulators to issue public safety advisories.
Individuals should be aware that direct inhalation of pressurized canisters can result in immediate thermal injury to the throat and mouth. If inhalation has occurred, seek medical evaluation if you experience persistent pain, hoarseness, or difficulty swallowing.
The takeaway
Using pressurized gases for recreational inhalation poses serious risks of freezing injuries to delicate airway tissues. If you or someone you know shows signs of swelling or pain after such activity, immediate medical attention is necessary to prevent severe throat complications.
Further reading
For more information on respiratory health and complications, visit the Asthma section.
Source note: This article includes information reported by Medical Daily.
