USGS Mapped Water Storage in Abandoned Pennsylvania Mines
Researchers estimated that historic coal mine pools hold up to 220 billion gallons of water across 120 square miles.
Updated on Oct. 1, 2026 in Geography
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The U.S. Geological Survey has mapped underground water storage within the Western Middle Anthracite Coalfield in Pennsylvania. This study provides new estimates on the volume of water held in abandoned mine systems across three counties.
Why it matters
Abandoned coal mines have significantly altered local water systems, impacting both streamflow and water quality in the region. Mapping these subterranean pools helps officials better understand how mining legacy affects current surface water systems.
The study utilized a 3D groundwater-flow model and geographic information system to analyze 120 square miles across Schuylkill, Columbia, and Northumberland counties. Calculations relied on bulk porosity assumptions ranging from 11% to 40%.
The players
U.S. Geological Survey
This federal agency is the primary source of science for the Department of the Interior and provides data on the health of natural ecosystems.
The details
By integrating historical mine maps with groundwater-level measurements, researchers identified internal boundaries that restrict water movement. These underground mine pools connect to the surface, creating complex interactions that influence stream baseflow throughout the area.
Timeline
October 1, 2026: Publication of the USGS research report.
Deeper Dive
This study follows the established USGS groundwater-flow modeling protocols to quantify subsurface water levels in post-industrial sites. By applying these standards to abandoned mines, the project shifts from traditional geological mapping to modern hydrological resource management.
A better understanding of underground mine pools could lead to improved water management strategies and flood mitigation in affected counties. Residents in the Mahanoy and Shamokin Creek basins may see better long-term monitoring of water quality and stream levels.
The takeaway
Understanding the interaction between abandoned mines and local aquifers is essential for the future of water management in mining districts. Future studies using tracer tests may further refine how these systems influence regional water supplies.
Further reading
For additional context on the physical landscape of the region, visit the Geography section.
Source note: This article includes information reported by The Times of India.
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