Scientists Discover 70 New Species Under Nullarbor Plains

Researchers have identified unique cave-dwelling creatures across 67 underground sites in Australia.

Updated on Oct. 23, 2026 in Environmental

Close-up of rugged limestone rock formations within a dark cave, lit by a sharp, focused beam of light. — Scientists identified roughly 70 new subterranean species within the Nullarbor Plains, fueling calls to reassess infrastructure plans for a proposed Australian energy hub. AI Illustration. Upload story photo >

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Should large industrial projects be paused to protect newly discovered local biodiversity?

Scientists have discovered approximately 70 new species of cave-dwelling animals hidden within the Nullarbor Plains. These unique organisms survived by retreating underground as the Australian climate became increasingly arid.

Why it matters

The findings are critical to informing environmental impact assessments for the proposed Green Energy Hub, which aims to develop over 2.2 million hectares of the region. Experts fear this infrastructure project may disrupt delicate underground water flows and insect habitats.

Researchers utilised new mapping techniques during 190 hours of exploration across 67 caves to document the new species. The spiders thrive in environments maintained at 18 degrees Celsius and 75 per cent humidity.

The players

Australian Research Council

This is a government agency that supports Australian research and innovation through national competitive grants.

The details

Expeditions funded by a $516,000 Australian Research Council grant recovered specimens, including mummified insects estimated to be 10,000 years old. The discovery highlights a complex subterranean ecosystem that may be uniquely vulnerable to surface-level energy developments.

10,000 years ago represents the age of some mummified insect specimens.
2025 marked the beginning of intensive cave field trips and research.
Present-day analysis continues for the newly discovered spider species.

The Big Picture

This discovery forces a re-evaluation of subterranean biodiversity protections under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act. It establishes a necessary scientific baseline for infrastructure projects operating near fragile, previously uncharted cave systems.

The study provides essential data for future environmental impact assessments that will determine if large-scale energy projects are permitted to proceed. Ensuring these unique species are catalogued now prevents the permanent loss of biodiversity before industrial development begins.

The takeaway

These findings illustrate that even the most desolate surface landscapes can hide complex, ancient ecosystems requiring careful management. Stakeholders must consider the presence of these subterranean species when evaluating the long-term viability of major infrastructure developments.