Researchers Map Rising African Water Demand
A new study reveals that annual water demand across 49 African nations climbed to 347 cubic kilometers by 2020.
Updated on Oct. 30, 2026 in Utilities
Live Poll
Should governments prioritize infrastructure investment to ensure reliable access to piped water for all citizens?
Researchers have published a comprehensive map of water demand across 49 African countries, highlighting a significant 26% increase in usage over the last decade. The data underscores the vast scale of infrastructure gaps, as millions still lack access to reliable piped water supplies.
Why it matters
The study aims to fill a critical gap in understanding how water demand varies across the continent, identifying limited infrastructure as a primary driver of scarcity. These findings clarify the competing needs between agricultural irrigation, urban development, and energy production.
Total annual water demand reached 347 km³ in 2020, up from 274 km³ in 2010. Irrigation remains the largest consumer, accounting for 65% of demand, compared to 17% for municipal supply and 10% for electricity generation.
The details
To compile the map, researchers analyzed data from 450 water companies, 2,534 power plants, and 682 mines alongside national agricultural statistics. While 642 million people have access to piped water, the study confirms that 717 million people lacked such supply in 2020.
Timeline
Annual water demand in Africa was 274 km³ in 2010.
Annual water demand in Africa reached 347 km³ in 2020.
Market Landscape
This study establishes a baseline for utility demand that mirrors international efforts to standardize resource reporting in developing regions. It provides a foundational framework for future infrastructure investment compared to the ad-hoc reporting methods previously utilized.
The findings highlight the ongoing struggle for utility access that impacts millions, potentially influencing future policy and funding for local water projects. For stakeholders, this data serves as a guide for targeting infrastructure development to areas with the greatest unmet needs.
The takeaway
The study demonstrates that irrigation remains the dominant factor in water consumption, accounting for nearly two-thirds of total demand. Policymakers can use this data to prioritize infrastructure projects that balance agricultural requirements with the essential needs of urban populations.
Further reading
Learn more about global infrastructure challenges in the Utilities section.
More information
Read the full scientific study on African water demand for detailed methodology and findings.
Live Poll
Should governments prioritize infrastructure investment to ensure reliable access to piped water for all citizens?
