Researchers Sequenced Ayahuasca Plant Genomes
Scientists have mapped the genetic blueprints of the two primary plants used to produce traditional ayahuasca brews.
Updated on Oct. 11, 2026 in Botany
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Researchers successfully sequenced the genomes of Psychotria viridis and Banisteriopsis caapi, identifying the key enzymes involved in alkaloid production. These findings provide a detailed look at the genetic makeup of the two plants historically used in the Amazon.
Why it matters
Understanding the biosynthetic pathways of these plants allows for a deeper scientific grasp of how DMT and beta-carbolines are produced in nature. This knowledge clarifies the complex chemical synthesis involved in these specific botanical species.
Psychotria viridis is a hexaploid organism featuring 66 chromosomes, while Banisteriopsis caapi is a diploid species with 20 chromosomes. Researchers identified that CENH3-bound regions in both plants are notably enriched in CRM-type Ty3/Gypsy retrotransposons.
The players
Psychotria viridis
This plant is a hexaploid shrub native to the Amazon that serves as a primary source of DMT in traditional brewing.
Banisteriopsis caapi
This woody vine is a central component in indigenous Amazonian preparations due to its high concentration of beta-carbolines.
The details
The study revealed that a single multifunctional methyltransferase drives tryptamine N-methylation to produce DMT in Psychotria viridis. Meanwhile, beta-carboline biosynthesis in Banisteriopsis caapi utilizes a Pictet-Spengler cyclization process that can occur non-enzymatically before concluding with enantioselective oxidation.
Timeline
October 11, 2026: Publication of the ayahuasca plant genome study.
The Big Picture
This study follows a pattern set by the Earth BioGenome Project's mission to systematically map the genetic diversity of complex plant life. By providing high-quality reference genomes for these species, it unlocks new potential for future biochemical research into plant-derived alkaloids.
These findings provide a foundation for researchers to replicate plant-based chemical pathways in laboratory settings. Such breakthroughs could eventually lead to new medical applications or improved understanding of how complex alkaloids influence biological systems.
The takeaway
The genome sequencing confirms that these plants utilize highly specific enzymatic and non-enzymatic processes to produce their unique chemical profiles. Scientists can now utilize these genetic maps to further explore the biosynthetic mechanisms governing these species.
Further reading
Learn more about the latest developments in plant science in the Botany section.
More information
Read the complete findings in the biorxiv research paper.
Source note: This article includes information reported by Biorxiv.
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