Researchers Quantified Paper Bag Carbon Footprints
A 2024 study analyzed the fossil carbon impact of paper carrier bags from raw material extraction to the factory gate.
Updated on Oct. 6, 2026 in Environmental
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The RISE Research Institutes of Sweden examined the cradle-to-gate fossil carbon footprint of various paper carrier bags in 2024. The assessment provided specific emissions data for small, medium, and large bags to guide industry packaging choices.
Why it matters
The findings offer retailers and brand owners a transparent metric for evaluating the environmental impact of their packaging materials. By identifying the primary drivers of emissions, the research helps stakeholders make informed decisions regarding sustainable supply chain practices.
The study measured footprints of 16.6 g CO₂e for 20 g takeaway bags, 45.6 g CO₂e for 55 g medium bags, and 82.9 g CO₂e for 100 g large bags. Paper production represents 67% of the total fossil carbon impact for these items.
The players
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden
This independent, state-owned research institute in Sweden conducts extensive applied research and innovation services for global industries.
The Paper Bag
This is a collaborative industry platform that promotes the use of paper carrier bags and provides sustainability research for the European market.
The details
Researchers evaluated machine-glazed and machine-finished kraft paper bags to establish standard emission metrics. The results equate the carbon cost of these bags to varying distances of car travel, specifically 100 metres for small bags and up to 500 metres for large versions.
Timeline
The study results reflect the market and technology situation in 2024.
The Paper Bag platform will hold the ninth European Paper Bag Day on 18 October 2026.
The Big Picture
The study serves as a scientific foundation for industry-wide sustainability efforts highlighted during the European Paper Bag Day. By formalizing these metrics, the industry moves away from qualitative branding toward a data-driven paradigm for environmental packaging standards.
For consumers and retailers, these findings clarify the environmental cost of single-use paper items compared to other packaging solutions. The data empowers businesses to better communicate the fossil fuel trade-offs associated with different bag sizes and paper production methods.
The takeaway
Understanding the precise carbon intensity of paper products allows companies to optimize their distribution and procurement strategies. Buyers can also better weigh the environmental impact of their own usage habits against alternative packaging materials.
What happens next
The Paper Bag platform is scheduled to host the ninth annual European Paper Bag Day on 18 October 2026.
Further reading
Learn more about sustainable initiatives in the Environmental section.
Live Poll
Do you believe using paper bags makes a meaningful difference in your personal carbon footprint?
